Related artifacts are exhibited at at Stanford's Historic Displays IBM 360 Computers on the third floor of the Gates Information Science building.
Information about Stanford IBM Computer systems.
Stanford Computation Center
At the time of the appearance of the IBM 360-series mostcomputing was centralized and operated by the Stanford ComputationCenter, which consisted of three facilities: a `Campus facility', anoperation at SLAC, with eventually an IBM 360-91, and a system, ACME,running a 360-50 dedicated to real-time computing in the MedicalSchool. The organization was led by Professor Ed Feigenbaum of the newly formed Computer Science department. Much later Stanford Hospital obtained its ownIBM 360-40.
Stanford Applied Physics Laboratory. IBM 7700, 1964?-1974?
Before there was SLAC, Stanford operated a linear accelerator in theHansen Applied Physics lab, HEPL. That lab had a fairly large, but nearlyunique IBM computer, an IBM 7700 data aquistion system. It was neverbrought into commercial production. That machine was available sinceMarch 1964, and was in use at Prof. Yearian's lab in 1970. In 1972 it ran the first version of Shower, important software for High Energy Physics.Any further information about is welcomed.
At IBM the successor for the 7700 was the IBM 1800, and one ofthose mchines was in use in the medical school ACME project in1967.
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)
The first IBM 360-series machine to arrive at Stanford was installed late 1965 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), on Sandhill Road. The 360 model 50, with 256K of memory was used for converting and developing analysis codes for future SLAC experiments.Prof. Bill Miller was scientifically in charge. He later became the provost of the University and president of SRI. Operations at SLAC were directed byCharles Dickens. Time on the machine was made available for development of other campus systems, as ACME.
In by 1974 (earlier?) an IBM 360 model 91 was delivered to SLAC and operated to 197y.It was upgraded in 197y to a model 360-195, which had the same architectural features as the subsequent IBM 370 series.
Important physics programs included ECS (Elecron-Gamma-Shower), PEGS (Pre-Processor for EGS), TESTSR (test Sampling Routines)[The EGS Code System, June 1978]. These programs were written in an extended FORTRAN language, MORTRAN ?, andtranslated to regulat FORTRAN by the MORTRAN2 Macro processor. (1975)
More to come.
Stanford Medical School: ACME
In the fall of 1966Stanford Medical School abtained a 360-50 in an unusual configrationfor developpment of a dedicated support system for medicallaboratories: The Advanced Computer for MEdical Research, ACME.The ACME project provided real-time data acquistion and control toresearch laboratories in the Stanford Medical School. It used a IBM 360-50 system as itsmain computer, an IBM 1800 for data acquisition and distribution, IBM2701 interfaces for various laboratory computers, and a home-builtnetwork for terminals in the laboratories. More at the ACME webpages, with a Film clip to come.
The system was directed and designed by Gio Wiederhold. The software included an incremental compiler for PL/1, PL/ACME, extended with commands for real-time data-acquistion and control.ACME provided real-time data acquisition and control services in a time-shared setting. Lights added to the typewriter provided status information for the users. Classes for physicians and medical researchers on its use were given by Voy Wiederhold. More pictures from ACME being collected for display. Formal records have beendeposited with NLM by Prof. Joshua Lederberg.
The Stanford University Campus Facility
The main Stanford University Campus Facility, eventuallyrenamed ITSS, obtained an IBM 360-65, in early 1967 to augment andeventually replace its Burroughs 5500 system. Rod Frederickson was itsmanager. The 360-65 was the principalCampus Mainframe Computer for Stanford Universityfrom 1967 to 197x. Its successor mainframes were in use for many years at the Stanford Computation Center, the latest one disappeared on15 December 2003.
Stanford's 360-65 was intended to be the 360-67 version, running anot yet completed IBM timesharing system, TSS. But TSS never reachedits promised level of performance and was used only at few sites, andnever at Stanford.
Ed Feigenbaum, director of the computationcenter at that time: true :"delivered as a 360/65, to be upgradedlater"
EAF: I believe this to be the case. We had initially ordered a 67 but, whenthat was very late, we felt that we needed to "get going", so we ordered a65 and did Orville and Wylbur software as a gap-filler. In fact, did weever take delivery of a real 67? I don't know.
Jon Sandelin from Stanford:
**** When I arrived in May 1970, the machine had 3/4 megabyte, and an IBM imposed limit of one megabyte. My task was to bring it to the one megabyte limit. Latter, a company (not IBM) developed a way of going over one megabyte of main memory on the 360/65 series, and we did increase main memory by something like 1/2 megabyte more (do not remember the exact amount).
I recall Stanford hired Rod Fredrickson (from IBM) to implement the time-sharing option, but he left shortly after I arrived, as he apparently did not get along with the Computer Center Senior Management. Jim Moore would know the gory details.
Jon
Gio:
Rod Frederickson had been before at UC Berkeley, heading the compution services for Prof. Sidney Lamb's Machine Translation Project in the early 1960's.
Pointers
Information about the full range ofOld IBM Iron.
Details about IBM computers are available at the IBM Archive site with an early (1964) Family Tree.
Early mainframes
The term "mainframe" is actually more recent than the beginnings ofthese computers. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first use of "main frame" was in 1964, in a Honeywell Glossary,and the first use as a single word in 1974 was by the Scientific American magazine to distinguish the major computer in a laboratory from other computers.
Boldface models were used at Stanford
Vacuum tube mainframes
More information about this architecture.
models 701 (1952), 702 (1953), 704 (1954), 705 (1957), 709 (1957)
Transistorized Mainframes
models 7090 (1959)*, 7030 (1960), 7040 (1961), 7044 (1961), 7094 (1962)*,7094-II (1963).
IBM 360 Architecture Mainframes
IBM 360 series 1965 to 1977
models 22, 25, 30 (to 1970only), 40, 44 (1965 to 1973 only), 50, 65, 67, 75, 85(1969 to 1971 only), 91*, 95 (1968), 195 (1971).
IBM 9020 series 1974 to 1981
Special multi-computerinstallatation, as the 9020's for the FAA.
IBM 370 series 1972 to 1981
Models 115, 125, 135, 138, 145 (only 1971), 148 (1977to 1983, 155, 158, 165, 168 (1972), 195 (to 1977).
IBM 390 series 1990 to 19xx
Rack-mounted 120,120, 150, 170
Aircooled models: 190, 210, 260, 320, 440, 480.
Enterprise Server, ESGen 4, ES Gen 5, ES Gen 6, Multiprise 3000 Server.
Watercooled models:330, 340, 500, 580, 620,720, 820, 800;
later the IBM 9000 Enterprise series with the 600 4-way, 990 - 6-waymultiprocessor.
IBM 303x series 1980 to 19xx
3031, 3032, 3033, 3081, 3083, 3084, 3090.
IBM 43xx series 1980 to 19xx
4331, 4341, 4361, 4381 .
IBM eServer zSeries, 2000 to ...
(800, 900, 990), each with a various numbers of processors and memory sizes.One model is dedicated to Linux.Data acquisition computers
SAGE, NORC military complexes.
Solid State
IBM 1130, 1800
Professor Michael J. Flynn
Michael Flynn received his Ph.D. from Purdue University in 1961. Hejoined IBM in 1955 and for ten years worked in the areas of computerorganization and design. He was design manager of prototype versions ofthe IBM 7090 and 7094/II, and later for the System 360 Model 91 CentralProcessing Unit. Between 1966 and 1974 Prof. Flynn was a faculty memberof Northwestern University and the Johns Hopkins University. In 1975 hebecame Professor of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, andwas Director of the Computer Systems Laboratory from 1977 to 1983. Hewas founding chairman of both the ACM Special Interest Group on ComputerArchitecture and the IEEE Computer Society's Technical Committee onComputer Architecture. Prof. Flynn was the 1992 recipient of theACM/IEEE Eckert-Mauchley Award for his technical contributions tocomputer and digital systems architecture. He was the 1995 recipient ofthe IEEE-CS Harry Goode Memorial Award in recognition of his outstandingcontribution to the design and classification of computer architecture.In 1998 he received the Tesla Medal from the International Tesla Society(Belgrade), and an honorary Doctor of Science from Trinity College(University of Dublin), Ireland. He is the author of three books andover 250 technical papers.
Flynn Forum Profile.
Return to floor 3 IBM 360 exhibit;
Return to Floor 1 exhibits of the Stanford Historic Phototour.
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